conscient
زبان مبدأ: انگلیسی
ترجمه به فارسی
- واژهنامه · French & English to Persian Epistemological Dictionary conscient|consciente|conscious|consciousness|awareness|aware du latin conscientia, de cum, et scientia, science. 1 (xod/darun-)âgâh-i (plv. âkâs) xod-dâni âgâh-bud vejdân (ar.) + fra. prise de conscience : bâz šodan e cašm-o-guš, âgâhi-yâbi + Beaucoup de processus cognitifs ne sont pas conscients, explique Lionel Naccache. + "Consciousness (phenomenal experience) is a real, natural, biological phenomenon that literally resides in the brain." (EVONSUO, Toward a Cognitive Neuroscience of Consciousness ) + + But in fact conscience is a product of education, and can be trained to approve or disapprove, in the great majority of mankind, as educators may see fit. While, therefore, it is right to wish to liberate ethics from external moral rules, this can hardly be satisfactorily achieved by means of the notion of "conscience". (B. RUSSELL, Religion and Science, p. 226-7) + The first thing to notice is that consciousness must be of something. In view of this, I should define "consciousness" in terms of that relation of an image of a word to an object which we defined, in Lecture XI, as "meaning." When a sensation is followed by an image which is a "copy" of it, I think it may be said that the existence of the image constitutes consciousness of the sensation, provided it is accompanied by that sort of belief which, when we reflect upon it, makes us feel that the image is a "sign" of something other than itself. This is the sort of belief which, in the case of memory, we expressed in the words "this occurred"; or which, in the case of a judgment of perception, makes us believe in qualities correlated with present sensations, as e.g., tactile and visual qualities are correlated. The addition of some element of belief seems required, since mere imagination does not involve consciousness of anything, and there can be no consciousness which is not of something. If images alone constituted consciousness of their prototypes, such imagination-images as in fact have prototypes would…