dur
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- واژهنامه · French & English to Persian Epistemological Dictionary dure|hard|hardship|stark Fin Xe, «pénible»; lat. durus, «dur au toucher, ferme, ruda; âpre; au fig. sévère, pénible...» + Latin durus "hard," also found in "endure" and "durable." "Durus" comes from PIE *deru-/*doru- "solid, tree" which emerged as daru "wood" in Sanskrit, Modern Hindi "dArU," Persian "dâr." Elsewhere the stem underwent liquid metathesis (the [r] and the vowel switched places) so that in Serbian it emerges as drevo "wood" (Russian derevo), and in English it evolved into both "tree" and "true" ("treow" and "treowe," respectively, in Old English). In Greek it turned up as drus "oak" and dendron "tree." By the way, "druid" is probably a borrowing from a Celtic compound *dru-wid- "strong seer," where "wid" is akin to "video" and "vision." 1 saxt (plv.) 2 dard-âvar