-ing2
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- واژهنامه · Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary 1 -ing Pronunciation: iŋ also ēŋ; in some dialects &in other dialects informally in, ən also ēn; after certain consonants ə n, ə m, ə ŋ Function: noun suffix Etymology: Middle English, from Old English -ung, -ing, suffix forming nouns from verbs; akin to Old High German -ung, suffix forming nouns from verbs 1 : action or process <runn ing > <sleep ing > : instance of an action or process <a meet ing > 2 a : product or result of an action or process <an engrav ing > ― often in plural <earn ings > b : something used in an action or process <a bed cover ing > <the lin ing of a coat> 3 : action or process connected with (a specified thing) <boat ing > 4 : something connected with, consisting of, or used in making (a specified thing) <scaffold ing > <shirt ing > 5 : something related to (a specified concept) <off ing >]]> 2 -ing Function: noun suffix Etymology: Middle English, from Old English -ing, -ung; akin to Old High German -ing one of a (specified) kind : one of a (specified) kind <sweet ing >]]> 3 -ing Function: verb suffix or adjective suffix Etymology: Middle English, probably from 1 -ing ― used to form the present participle <sail ing > and sometimes to form an adjective resembling a present participle but not derived from a verb <swashbuckl ing > usage Though the pronunciation of -ing with the consonant \n\, misleadingly referred to as “dropping the g, ” is often deprecated, this pronunciation is frequently heard. It is not known for certain why the Middle English present participle ending -ende was replaced by -in…